Every year, Pentagram chooses twelve beloved typefaces for its iconic Pentagram Calendar. Traditionally, the calendar features works by typographers past and present, from timeless standards like Garamond and Bodoni to modern classics such as Knockout and Gotham. In 2006, Pentagram broke with tradition and selected twelve typefaces from the same designers: H&Co, who created for the calendar this collection of fifteen original fonts, called simply “Numbers.”

For more than a century, typefounders considered numbers separately from the provision of other printing types. Nineteenth century type specimen books often displayed separate sections containing fonts of numbers alone, many of which contained unique features suited to specific kinds of settings. Fonts for tables contained digits designed to a standard width, so that columns would neatly align; those created for calendars contained forms such as “24/31” to accommodate orphan Sundays. The practice of creating specialized number fonts began to disappear at the beginning of the twentieth century, vanishing completely by the dawn of the digital age. Recognizing their appeal and usefulness this practice, H&Co revives the tradition, for this collection of new typefaces.

The fonts in the Numbers series take their inspiration not from the history of printing types, but from other kinds of numbering familiar from the modern environment. Playing card numbers, instantly recognizable even out of context, have been revived as the Deuce typeface. The forms in the Greenback font are familiar from the U. S. dollar. Other fonts in the series draw inspiration from more distant sources, from vintage railroad cars to Soviet street signs.


Bayside, after ornamental house numbers

Bayside

Bayside is an adaptation of those delightfully eccentric house numbers that are native to suburban America. Their bizarre forms recall the “chinoiserie” of the Aesthetic Movement, a nineteenth century fashion whose romance with foreign influences wasn’t especially concerned with historical accuracy. Bayside’s forms are based on a set of numbers produced around 1928 by H. W. Knight & Son of Seneca Falls, New York. Widely copied by other manufacturers, these forms have gradually softened over the years; Bayside restores them to their loopy grandeur.


Claimcheck, inspired by ticket stubs

Claimcheck

Claimcheck, as its name implies, is modeled after the numbers on claim stubs used by dry cleaners, parking garages, and checkrooms the world over. In the days before digital typography, claimchecks and other ephemera were printed by automatic numbering machines, whose rotating cylinders bore equal-width numbers of an unadorned but memorable style. Since the specific shapes of these numbers differed from one manufacturer to the next, we compared a number of different sources to create a design that recalls the frank but colorful vernacular of ephemeral printing.


Delancey, from tenement doorways

Delancey

Delancey is based on the gilded decals made famous by the transom windows of American tenements. A convenience of the industrial age, printed decals offered an inexpensive alternative to the skilled craft of window gilding, albeit a crude one: the forms on which Delancey is based are a distant corruption of a steadier signpainter’s roman. (Their elegance was often further debauched by careless positioning, perhaps suggesting that the reason the traditionally fluid gestures of the 2, 5, and 7 were flattened was to make the digits easier to line up.) Capturing the insouciance of a set of 3½" decals produced by the Duro Decal Company of Chicago, Illinois, the Delancey font preserves a vital part of the American streetscape.


Depot, modeled on vintage railcars

Depot

Depot celebrates the indigenous lettering of the railroads. Created in the prevalent style of the early Victorian age (when passenger rail travel came into being), these forms have appeared on boxcars, locomotives, and trolleys for most of their history. The wide proportion of these numbers may have helped counter the effects of foreshortening, making trains entering the station more easily identifiable by passengers on the platform. In creating the Depot typeface, we chiefly consulted our collection of enamel signs, using archival photographs and lettering diagrams to flesh out the font’s character set.


Deuce, based on playing cards

Deuce

Deuce is modeled after the numbers on playing cards. Despite the range of illustrative styles used for both face cards and the back of the deck, playing card numbers have traditionally followed this distinctive form, one which remains instantly recognizable even out of context. In addition to recreating the digits two through nine, we synthesized a zero and one of a sympathetic style. Also included are a parallel set of narrow-width double digits, modelled on the condensed numbers on the “10” card.


Dividend, from an antique check writer

Dividend

Dividend is inspired by the perforated numbers made by an antique check-cutting machine. Literally used to cut the dollar amount into a bank check or stock certificate (hence the term “cut a check”), these punched-out numbers were difficult to alter, a low-tech but efficient way of helping counter fraud. Unlike today’s dot-matrix technologies, in which numbers have to be shaped to conform to a standard grid, these perforated numbers took the opposite approach, adapting the position of the holes to best suit the form of each individual number. We continued this idea, allowing the size and proximity of dots to vary from one number to the next.


Greenback, based on U. S. currency

Greenback

Greenback captures the unembellished functionality of the serial numbers that appear on the U.S. dollar. While the engravings on American currency have evolved continuously since the foundation of the Treasury, the same basic typographic forms have been used for serial numbers since 1928. Because each digit is printed by a rotating numbering wheel, every number in the series must be designed to occupy the same amount of space, making these “monospaced” or “fixed width” numbers. For the Greenback font, we preserved this consistent spacing, as well as a number of eccentricities (like the distinctive “open top” 4) that are characteristic of these serial numbers. Hoefler&Co. has refrained from giving Greenback a companion alphabet, to avoid tempting would-be counterfeiters...


Indicia, inspired by rubber stamps

Indicia

Indicia, inspired by the numbers on hand-held rotary rubber stamps, evokes a vanishing world of written correspondence and flap-pocket library cards. The distinct style of these numbers is shaped both by the limitations of rubber as a medium, and by the considerable engineering challenges of creating forms that can withstand the physical pressure of repeated stamping. The swelled strokes of the figures four and seven, and the oversized “ball terminals” on the 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9, help distribute the weight of these shapes more evenly, in order to create a balanced printing surface. Similarly, the deep notches in the figures 2 and 7 help keep these forms legible, even after a lifetime of wear.


Premium, after vintage gas pumps

Premium

Premium is modeled after vintage gas pump gauges, whose spinning dials tallied both gallons and dollars down to fractional tenths. Because these thin aluminum dials were relief stamped by cast metal dies, their numbers had to be free of sharp corners that might strain or even puncture the material. Their characteristic softness is an iconic part of the American roadside — as is the unforgettable “9/10” fraction, whose forms are preserved in the Premium typeface, and used on the 2006 Pentagram Calendar for the last two days of July.


Prospekt, based on Soviet house numbers

Prospekt

Prospekt reflects the Constructivist style that emerged after the Russian Revolution of 1917, a style which remains beautifully fossilized on the streets of modern Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad.) The city’s house numbers, stencilled in opaque black against backlit glass panels, exhibit a wide range of variations — even neighboring houses often reveal different constructions of the same number. Whether this was an intentional design decision or simply a matter of carelessness is unclear, but we’ve included all these variations in the typeface, along with whatever additional variant designs were suggested by the style.


Redbird, inspired by New York subways

Redbird

Redbird is named for the eponymous red subway cars that ran on the New York City subway system from 1948 to 2003. Each rail car was identified by a number, emblazoned on a pair of black and white enamel plates attached to either end of the carriage, and rendered in a unique style of lettering unconnected with the traditions of either typefounding or sign painting. In creating the Redbird typeface, we considered not only the visual appeal of the letterforms, but their usefulness when scaled down from their original height of one foot to smaller, more manageable sizes.


Revenue, from cash register receipts

Revenue

Revenue was inspired by the most pedestrian of artifacts, a receipt from a local delicatessen. Like most numbering machines, the print wheels on cash registers demand that all numbers occupy the same fixed amount of space — a special challenge for characters like the decimal point, whose additional weight helps compensate for its small size. We preserved not only these idiosyncrasies, but the “inky” quality of the characters themselves, in order to effect a warm and unaffected feeling.


Strasse, after European enamel signs

Strasse

Strasse is modeled after the glazed ceramic tiles commonly used for house numbers throughout Central Europe. Morphologically, Strasse’s forms are of the “Modern” genus, a style which dates to the early nineteenth century. But many of its local details, such as the footed serif of the figure seven, come not from typography but from sign painting. The numbers on which Strasse is based, hand-painted on individual kiln-fired plaques, exhibit all the irregularity of handmade objects — a warm and charming quality preserved in the design of the Strasse font.


Trafalgar, inspired by British monuments

Trafalgar

Trafalgar was inspired by a style of lettering indigenous to the City of London. At the close of the nineteenth century, a generation of British artisans began to investigate historical styles for typography — John Ruskin and William Morris became strong proponents of Gothicism, and the influential calligrapher Edward Johnston explored the inscriptional lettering of imperial Rome. British lettering of the period reflects this renewed interest in Classicism, seen nowhere more explicitly than in the lettering of London’s monuments, on which the Trafalgar font is based.


Valuta, after Hungarian banknotes

Valuta

Valuta, which means “currency” in Hungarian (and other languages), is based on a set of numbers used by Hungarian banknotes between 1947 and 1995. Most printed currency includes two kinds of typography: important numbers such as the denomination, which are rendered with great fanfare, and serial numbers and other data which are made as plain as possible. To state their date and place of issue, Hungarian banknotes cleverly included a third style, one which is simultaneously plain and decorative. Neither artless nor rococo, these numbers neatly bridge the realms of the hand- and machine-made.


Colophon

‘Numbers’ is a collection of typefaces designed by Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones, which first appeared in the Pentagram Calendar of 2006. An unusually diverse type family containing sixteen formally unrelated styles, Numbers draws inspiration from a range of visual traditions unconnected with printing types, evoking the recognizable lettering of everyday objects such as playing cards, gasoline pumps, and banknotes.

Designed by

Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones

With contributions from

Kevin Dresser; Sara Soskolne

 

Special thanks to Kit Hinrichs

Deuce, Dividend, Greenback, Indicia, Premium, and Prospekt by Jonathan Hoefler; Bayside, Claimcheck, Delancey, Depot, Redbird, Revenue, Strasse, Trafalgar, and Valuta by Tobias Frere-Jones with Jonathan Hoefler.

Advance copies of Numbers included the style Hammersmith, which has been superseded by the Sentinel Black typeface in the Sentinel package. Numbers��� and Valuta™ are trademarks of Hoefler&Co. Bayside®, Claimcheck®, Delancey®, Depot®, Deuce®, Dividend®, Greenback®, Indicia®, Premium®, Prospekt®, Redbird®, Revenue®, Strasse®, and Trafalgar®, are registered trademarks of Hoefler&Co.


Dedicated to

Walter S. H. Hamady